PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.